Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, besilokhu silandela eduze izinguquko endaweni yenqubomgomo kanye nendlela yokusebenza kwentengo kagesi embonini entsha yamandla, ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa kabusha okuhlelekile okubangelwe ukuvulwa okusheshayo kwemakethe kagesi ngemuva kwenqubomgomo entsha "ye-531". Ngokuvela kwendlela yokusebenza intengo kagesi njengoba kushiwo kuMqulu No. 136, ukuthengwa okuqinisekisiwe okuphelele kwamandla kagesi amasha sekuzoba umlando. Ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso zenqubomgomo, amanani kagesi azonqunywa yimakethe. Wonke umuntu uyazibuza ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali emandleni amasha kusengayithola yini imali.
Esikhathini esidlule, lapho amandla e-photovoltaic ayenenzuzo, bambalwa abantu ababeqaphela ukubaluleka kwamathuluzi ochwepheshe kanye nesofthiwe. “Ngokuyisisekelo, sisebenzise amafomula ezibalo ku-Excel ukwenza isilinganiso esilinganiselwe. Kumane kuyindaba yokwenza imali eningi noma encane.” Kodwa manje, intengo kagesi engaguquki ishintshiwe yaba yintengo kagesi emakethe, futhi imodeli yemali engenayo yokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic isibe umlando. Isimo lapho “ithebula elilodwa le-Excel lingaphatha konke akusekho.” Manje, kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wokuphila wephrojekthi, sidinga ukukhulisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona ezingasetshenziswa futhi zisetshenziswe. Phakathi nale nqubo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI eziqondile zobungcweti kanye namathuluzi kungasisiza kakhulu ekwenzeni ushintsho kusuka emandleni “abanzi” kuya ekuphathweni “okucwengisisiwe”.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhumusha okuhlukahlukene kweDokhumenti No. 136 embonini. Esikhathini soguquko lwe-AI, yimiphi imicabango nezinhlelo okufanele sibe nazo ngezitayela zesikhathi esizayo zemboni esikhathini sangemva kuka-531? Senze ingxoxo ejulile ne-Vision Power Technology, iphayona elihamba phambili lesicelo se-AI sasekhaya embonini yamandla. Njengebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe elizinikele ekukhuthazeni ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye namandla amasha, ngokombono wobuchwepheshe be-AI, kuhlanganiswe nenani elikhulu ledatha yangempela yephrojekthi ekhiqizwe futhi yaqoqwa ngamathuluzi epulatifomu, izahlulelo ezilandelayo zezitayela zemboni zifingqiwe:
1. Isikhathi "sokuphakama komthwalo" sesifikile, futhi izindleko zokusetshenziswa kanye nokuxhumeka kwegridi zizothwalwa uhlangothi lwempahla kanye nohlangothi lokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ngemva kwenqubomgomo "ye-531", indima yegridi yamandla ishintsha kakhulu, isuka "kumthengi ogcwele" wokuqala iye "kumlawuli wemakethe". Isikhathi esidlule lapho abaqhubi beziteshi zamandla babekhathalela kuphela ukwakhiwa futhi bengacabangi ngendaba yokusetshenziswa sekuyinto yesikhathi esidlule. Njengoba ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwesilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, igridi yamandla ingaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, futhi izindleko zokulawulwa kwesistimu kanye nokuphathwa komehluko wesigodi esiphakeme ziyanda usuku nosuku. Lezi zindleko ngeke zisathwalwa yigridi yamandla kodwa kancane kancane zizodluliselwa kubanikazi bamaphrojekthi kanye nezinhlangano ezisebenzisa amandla. Esikhathini esizayo, "ozuzayo, othwalayo" uzoba yindlela eyinhloko. Lokhu kubeka izidingo eziphezulu kubathuthukisi bamaphrojekthi kanye namabhizinisi okugcina: kumele baqonde ngokugcwele izici zabo zomthwalo wamandla, amakhono okuthumela impendulo kanye namakhono okuxhuma igridi ukuze bafeze ngempela intuthuko nokusebenza okusimeme.
2. Inani lamaphrojekthi e-photovoltaic alisanqunywa kuphela yizinsizakusebenza kanye nophahla; imbuyiselo yangempela inqunywa ikhono lokuklama uhlelo.
Njengoba ukwanda kokungaqiniseki kwamanani kagesi kanye nokwehla kancane kancane kwamanani kagesi akugridi, imodeli yendabuko egxile kwimithombo "yokuhlala ophahleni nokuncintisana ngezinsiza" ibhekene nokuwa kweprimiyamu. Ukuqiniseka kwemali engenayo ye-photovoltaic yesikhathi esizayo kuncike kakhulu ezicini ezimbili: enye ukubalwa okunembile komthwalo kanye nomthamo wokusetshenziswa, kanti enye ikhono lokwenza ngcono isakhiwo semali engenayo ngaphansi kokucushwa kokugcinwa kwamandla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi indima yesevisi yomlamuleli yendabuko iyancishiswa kancane kancane, futhi ukuthembela kuphela olwazini akusenalo inani lezentengiselwano. Ukuze kuzuzwe imbuyiselo eqhubekayo, kuyadingeka ukuguqula ube ngumhlinzeki wesevisi ophelele onekhono lokuklama izixazululo, futhi ubonise inani lawo ngokunikeza amakhasimende izixazululo ezima kanye njengokuklama uhlelo, ukuphathwa kwamandla, kanye nokubalwa kwezomnotho. Ikhono lokuklama kanye nokucabanga kwezinhlelo sekuba ukuncintisana okuyinhloko kwesizukulwane esisha sabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo.
3. isinxephezelo sendlela yokukhokha intengo kagesi asiseyona ifasitela lenzuzo eningi, kodwa isivikelo esiyinhloko.
Ngaphansi kwesizinda sokumaketha kancane kancane kwevolumu kagesi wemishini kanye nentengo kagesi wemishini, uhlobo lwendlela yokukhokha inqubomgomo lushintshile - akuseyona isiqinisekiso senzuzo ephezulu, kodwa "ithuluzi lokulahlekelwa ukuyeka" lokuvikela ubungozi. Uma amaphrojekthi eziteshi zamandla ezothola inzuzo ephezulu, akufanele athembele ekuqhubekeni kwezabelo zenqubomgomo, kodwa kunalokho athembele ekwabiweni kwesayensi kanye nokwenza ngcono ubuchwepheshe ukwakha imodeli yenzuzo ezinzile. Lolu shintsho lukhuthaza imboni ukuthi ibuyele enanini elingaphakathi lamaphrojekthi ngokwawo, iqinisekise imbuyiselo ngokuzivumelanisa nomthwalo okunengqondo, ukucushwa kokugcina amandla okusebenzayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuthumela ezihlakaniphile, kunokuthembela ekukhokhelweni kwenqubomgomo yangaphandle ukuze "isebenzise imali eyengeziwe".
4. Ingqondo yokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi ishintshe kakhulu kusukela “ekuzungezeni uphahla” kuya “ekuzungezeni umthwalo”.
Esikhathini esidlule, ingqikithi yokuncintisana kumaphrojekthi e-photovoltaic asatshalaliswa kwakuwukuthola "izinsiza": noma ngubani owayengavikela uphahla ngokushesha wayezothatha isinyathelo kuphrojekthi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esisha semakethe, izinsiza ngokwazo azisalingani nenani. Ngoba akuzona zonke iziphahla ezinezimpawu zomthwalo wekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi azikwazi ukufeza ukusetshenziswa okuhle kwendawo. Ngakho-ke, umqondo wokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo "ukuhlanganisa umthwalo": yilabo kuphela abangakwazi ukuhlonza abasebenzisi bebhizinisi abanemithwalo ezinzile, izikhathi ezihlukile zesikhathi esiphezulu kanye nezikhathi ezingezona ezesikhathi esiphezulu, kanye nendawo enkulu yokuhlela abangathuthukisa ngempela amaphrojekthi akhiqiza kakhulu futhi aphephile. Lokhu kubeka izidingo eziphakeme ekhonweni lokuthola idatha, ikhono lokuhlaziya ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nekhono lokwenza ngezifiso izixazululo zabathuthukisi bephrojekthi.
5. Amabhizinisi ahlanganyela emakethe kagesi kudingeka akhe uhlelo lwawo oluphelele lokuthumela amandla.
Ukuze banikeze izimpahla zabo zamandla ezisatshalaliswe ngamakhono okuhweba emakethe angempela, amabhizinisi kumele asungule indlela yokuxhumanisa "ezine-in-one" ehlanganisa izimakethe ze-photovoltaic, isitoreji samandla, umthwalo, kanye namandla ngaphakathi kwenkampani. Lokhu akudingi nje kuphela ukuxhumana kwehadiwe kanye nokusebenzisana ezingeni lemishini, kodwa futhi kudinga ukusungulwa kwepulatifomu yokuthumela ehlanganisiwe ezingeni lokulawula ukuze kufezwe ukwabiwa okuguquguqukayo kwezinsizakusebenza zamandla endawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kanye nokuphendula ngesikhathi sangempela kumasignali entengo kagesi. Eqinisweni, amabhizinisi adinga ukwakha i-microgrid encane ukuze kufezwe ukuzikhiqiza nokuzisebenzisa, ukuzithumela ngokuzimela kanye nokuphathwa okunembile. Ukwakhiwa kwalolu hlelo kuzoletha ukuzimela okuphezulu kwamandla kanye namakhono okuhlanganyela emakethe emabhizinisini, futhi kubeke isisekelo sokuqashelwa okulandelayo kwamakhono esitshalo samandla esibonakalayo.
6. Izitshalo zamandla ezingokoqobo ziyindawo yesikhathi esizayo yezinhlelo zamandla ezisatshalaliswayo, okubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zamakhono okuqala emodeli.
Uhlobo oluphelele lwamandla asatshalaliswayo ukuhlanganiswa – okungukuthi, ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besitshalo samandla esibonakalayo (i-VPP), izinsizakusebenza zokukhiqiza amandla ezihlakazekile (njenge-photovoltaic, isitoreji samandla) kanye nezinsizakusebenza zokusebenzisa amandla (impendulo yomthwalo, umthwalo oguquguqukayo) zihlanganiswe ndawonye zibe yizinto eziphelele ngamakhono okuthumela, futhi zihlanganyela ngokufanayo ekuthengiselaneni nasezinsizeni emakethe yamandla. Izitshalo zamandla ezingokoqobo azithuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza, kodwa futhi zithuthukisa kakhulu ukuncintisana kwemakethe kanye nendawo yenzuzo. Kodwa imfuneko yakho konke lokhu ukuba namakhono okubikezela okunembile kanye nokumodela esigabeni sokuklama iphrojekthi. Indlela yendabuko yokuthembela ku-Excel yokulinganisa okumile ayisakwazi ukusekela ukwenziwa ngcono kwesistimu ngezici eziningi, eziningi nezinamandla amakhulu. Ukumodela kwe-AI, ukulingiswa okunamandla, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezimo eziningi kuzoba amakhono ayisisekelo okuhlola iphrojekthi nokwenza izinqumo esikhathini se-VPP.
Ngamafuphi, ngokuvuthwa okwandayo kwendlela yokusebenza kwemakethe yamandla yaseShayina kanye nokufika kwenkathi yangemva kuka-531, imboni yokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic ingene esikhathini sokuguqulwa okujulile kusukela ekuqhutshweni kwezinsizakusebenza kuya ekuqhutshweni komthwalo, kusukela ekufakweni okungaguquki kuya ekuthunyelweni okuhlakaniphile, kanye nasekukhiweni kwephuzu elilodwa kuya ekuhlanganisweni kwesistimu. Inselelo enkulu ebhekene nabasebenzisi bezimboni nabezentengiselwano akuseyona nje inkinga yokuthi kufanele bafake noma cha, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi bangakhulisa kanjani inani futhi banciphise izingozi zezimpahla zamandla ngaphansi kwesizinda samanani kagesi ashintshashintshayo, ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe, imikhawulo yegridi kanye nezinqubomgomo eziqinile ngokwandayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-11-2025