Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izifunda ezisogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga yeShayina ziye zabhekana nemiphumela yeziphepho njalo, kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi ezibangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho ekukhiqizweni kwendawo kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuholele ekwandeni kweziphepho ezinamandla kanye nezehlakalo zesimo sezulu eziguquguqukayo, okuholele ezigamekweni eziningi zokwehluleka kwesakhiwo sesiteshi sikagesi se-photovoltaic (PV), ukugumbuqeka kwemodyuli, kanye nokuwohloka kwezingxenye ngenxa "yemifantu efihliwe." Njengoba kuhlanganiswe nezitayela ezifana nokwanda kosayizi wemodyuli kanye nokucindezela kokulungiswa kwezindleko, ukumelana nomthwalo wemishini kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kwamamodyuli e-PV kubhekene nezinselele ezikhulayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zomthwalo oguquguqukayo kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwesikhathi eside kanye nokusebenza kokufakwa kwelanga.
Njengamanje, izindawo zokusebenza zeziteshi zamandla ze-PV ezindaweni ezinomoya omkhulu ziya ngokuya zihlukahluka futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela ezindaweni ezivame ukuba nezivunguvungu zasogwini kuya emigwaqweni yomoya yangaphakathi nezwe, ngayinye iveza izimo zezulu ezihlukile. Ngaphansi kwendinganiso ye-IEC 61215 ekhona—echaza isimo sokuhlola esingu-±1000 Pa ngemijikelezo eyi-1,000—amandla okumelana nomoya wamamojula e-PV alingana cishe nesivinini somoya esingu-130 km/h (36.1 m/s), okulingana nesivunguvungu seSigaba 12 esikalini se-Saffir-Simpson. Kodwa-ke, ezenzakalweni zangempela zesivunguvungu, imimoya eqhubekayo ephezulu eduze kwesikhungo sesivunguvungu ingafinyelela kuZigaba 14–15. Ngenxa yalokho, izinqubo zokuhlola zamanje ziyasilela ekuphindaphindeni ukukhathala komoya okuguquguqukayo kanye nemiphumela yokuxhumanisa umoya nokudlidliza. Ngisho namamojula adlula isitifiketi se-IEC angase abhekane nomonakalo ngaphansi kwezimo zomoya ezimbi kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo eziguquguqukayo ezimile nezivamile ezichazwe ezindinganisweni ze-IEC zisebenza kuphela njengendlela yokuhlola yokuqala eyisisekelo futhi azilingisi ngokwanele imiphumela yokukhathala eqongelelekayo ebangelwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emimoyeni enamandla kuyo yonke impilo yemojuli. Lezi zivivinyo zifaka amazinga okucindezeleka aphansi kanye nokubalwa kwemijikelezo okulinganiselwe, zihluleka ukubheka imithwalo yomoya eyingozi kanye nezidingo zokuqina kwesikhathi eside esikhathini sokuphila kokusebenza seminyaka engama-25 noma ngaphezulu. Lesi sikhala sethula izingozi ezingaba khona zekhwalithi ezingase zibe sengozini ekusebenzeni okuphephile nokuthembekile kwezinhlelo ze-PV kuyo yonke impilo yazo, ekugcineni zithinte inani lomsebenzisi wokugcina kanye nembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali.
Njengoba kunezimo zomoya ezahlukahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthuthukisa amandla okuthwala umthwalo wamamojula e-PV. Umqondo wendabuko "wezinga elilodwa lokumelana nomoya" awusanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa okuphephile ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Esikhundleni salokho, izilinganiso zomthwalo wamamojula kufanele zihlukaniswe ngokwengeziwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile zemvelo kanye namaphrofayili engozi yesifunda.
Emhlabeni jikelele, amazwe ahlanganisa i-United States, amazwe aseYurophu, kanye neJapane asebenzise izidingo zomthwalo oguquguqukayo eziqinile ezindaweni ezinomoya omkhulu. Isibonelo, uhlelo lwesitifiketi se-UL e-US luncoma amapharamitha okuhlola engeziwe angu-±1500 Pa emijikelezweni engu-10,000 ezifundeni ezifana neFlorida kanye neGulf Coast, lapho imimoya yezinga lesiphepho ivame ukwenzeka khona. Ngokufanayo, uhlelo lwe-TÜV Rheinland lwe-Extended Reliability Testing (ERT) luhlanganisa ukuhlolwa komthwalo oguquguqukayo okuthuthukisiwe—njenge-±1600 Pa yemijikelezo engu-12,000—olwenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ezifundeni ezivame ukuba neziphepho nezinomoya omkhulu njengeziqhingi zaseNorth Sea kanye neBaltic Sea ngaphakathi kweYurophu. Ubufakazi obubonakalayo bubonisa ukuthi ukwamukela amazinga aphezulu omthwalo oguquguqukayo—ngokuvamile i-±1500 Pa yemijikelezo engu-10,000—kulezi zifunda kuye kunciphisa kakhulu amazinga okwehluleka kwensimu kanye nomonakalo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kokusebenza okuphelele kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kokufakwa kwe-PV.
Esimweni sezulu esishintshashintshayo sanamuhla somhlaba wonke, ukumelana nomthwalo oguquguqukayo wamamojula e-PV akuseyona imfanelo yobuchwepheshe yokuzikhethela kodwa kuyisici esiyisisekelo sokuphepha kwezitshalo kanye nokusebenza kwezezimali empilweni yonke. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezishintshayo zemboni, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke kubalulekile. Kuphela ngokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuqina kokuhlola lapho iziteshi zikagesi ze-PV zingagcina khona ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza ezindaweni ezingalindelekile, ngaleyo ndlela zilethe inani elihlala njalo nelesikhathi eside kumakhasimende okugcina.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-28-2025