Ngo-2025, amandla okufaka e-photovoltaic (PV) kanye namandla omoya aseShayina aqongelela adlula amandla okushisa okokuqala, afinyelela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.84. Lokhu kwenza i-PV kanye namandla omoya kube yiwona mthombo oyinhloko wokukhula kukagesi eShayina, okwenza u-47.3% wamandla afakiwe kanye nengxenye yamandla okufaka emhlabeni wonke we-PV kanye namandla omoya. Ngakho-ke iShayina isungule uhlelo lwamandla avuselelekayo olukhulu nolukhula ngokushesha emhlabeni. Lolu shintsho lwesakhiwo lubeke isisekelo samandla esiqinile sokufeza imigomo "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwemvelo kanye nokuguquguquka kokukhishwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kuhlanganiswe nokulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kwamaphethini okunikezwa kukagesi kanye nesidingo, ingozi yokushintshashintsha kwentengo kagesi ikhuliswe kakhulu, yaba yisithiyo esivelele esivimbela ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemakethe kagesi. Kulo nyaka, iNational People's Congress kanye neNgqungquthela Yokubonisana Yezepolitiki Yabantu BaseShayina banikeze iziphakamiso ezifanele zokusheshisa intuthuko yemakethe yezinto ezikhiqizwa ugesi.
Abameleli bathi umkhuba ukhombisile ukuthi ukujula kokuguqulwa kokumaketha kukagesi akunakuhlukaniswa nokusekelwa ngokubambisana kwemakethe ye-derivatives. Enkambisweni yokumaketha kukagesi eYurophu nase-United States, baphinde babhekana nenkinga yokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwamanani kagesi okubangelwa ukwenyuka kwamandla amasha. Ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamathuluzi e-derivatives kube yindlela eyinhloko yokuxazulula le nkinga. Ekuguqulweni kokumaketha kukagesi ngo-2001, i-UK yashintsha indlela yendabuko yokuhlanganisa ugesi ngemodeli "yenkontileka yamazwe amabili + imakethe elinganiselayo" ngokwethula amathuluzi e-derivatives njenge-futures kanye nezinketho, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuzinza kokusebenza kwemakethe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lokuhweba le-derivatives zikagesi ezimakethe ezivuthiwe eYurophu nase-United States lihlale lisezingeni lama-trillion-dollar unyaka wonke. Inani lokuhweba le-derivatives zikagesi eYurophu lifinyelele izikhathi ezingu-9-10 kunemakethe ye-spot, kanti e-United States, lifinyelele izikhathi ezingu-15-20. Ngaphezu kwama-90% okuhwebelana kukagesi kuhlanganiswe yizinkontileka zezimali njenge-futures, okuqinisa ngempumelelo ukuguquguquka kwamanani emakethe ye-spot. Umkhuba wamazwe ngamazwe ukuqinisekisile ngokugcwele ukuthi imakethe yezinto ezikhiqizwa ngogesi ezivuthiwe ibalulekile ekuvikeleni izingozi zamanani, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwezinhlangano zemakethe, nokugcina ukusebenza kahle kwemakethe kagesi. Abamele i-Two Sessions bakholelwa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezimakethe ezivuthiwe eYurophu nase-United States, imakethe yezinto ezikhiqizwa ngogesi yaseShayina isesesigabeni sayo sokuqala sokuhlola. Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa ayifani nesivinini sokuguqulwa kokumaketha kukagesi kanye nesidingo sokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla. Kunezinkinga ezintathu ezivelele ikakhulukazi:
Inkinga eyodwa uhlelo lokukhiqiza izinhlobo oluphelelwe yisikhathi.
Ukungabikho kwezinhlelo zikagesi zesikhathi esizayo, ithuluzi eliyisisekelo lokuvikela, kanye nokuntuleka kwemikhiqizo ekhethekile ehlanganisa izingozi ezithile njengokushintshashintsha kokukhishwa kwamandla amasha, umehluko wamanani esigodini esiphakeme, kanye nemiphumela yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Okwesibili, izithiyo zokuhweba phakathi kwezifunda ziyabonakala.
Imithetho yemakethe kagesi kuzo zonke izifundazwe (kufaka phakathi izifunda ezizimele kanye nomasipala) ayihlanganisiwe, izindlela zokubala azihambisani, futhi kukhona umehluko omkhulu ezinqubweni zamanani okudlulisela. Ukungenelela kokuphatha kanye nokuvikelwa kwendawo kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, okwenza kube nzima ukufeza ukwabiwa kahle kwezinsiza zikagesi kuzo zonke izifundazwe ngemakethe ye-derivatives.
Okwesithathu, ukuhlanganiswa kwenqubomgomo kanye nendlela yokulawula kudingeka kuthuthukiswe.
Ukuntuleka kwendlela ehlelekile nexhumene phakathi kwamandla kanye nomthethonqubo wezezimali, kanye nokuhambisana okungekuhle phakathi kwemithetho yokulethwa kanye nokuxazulula ukuhweba ngemikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe kanye nemakethe kagesi, kanye nomkhawulo ophezulu wokubamba iqhaza kanye nokukhathazeka okuningi ngezingozi zezinkampani zemakethe, kuholele ekungathandi nasekungakwazini ukusebenzisa amathuluzi emikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwemisebenzi eyinhloko yemakethe.
Njengamanje, ukuguquguquka kwamanani kagesi kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kwezinhlangano ezikhuphukayo neziphansi ochungechungeni lwemboni yamandla. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka komkhiqizo, amabhizinisi amasha okukhiqiza amandla abone amanani awo kagesi asebenza kugridi ehluka kokulindelekile, kanti eminye imivuzo yephrojekthi yehla ngaphansi komugqa wesixwayiso, okuthinta intshiseko yokutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi entsha. Izinkampani zokuthengisa ugesi zibhekene nokucindezelwa okubili "kwezindleko eziphezulu zokuthenga ugesi kanye namanani okuthengisa ugesi alinganiselwe," awela ebunzimeni bokusebenza. Abasebenzisi bezimboni, ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi asebenzisa amandla amaningi, bakuthola kunzima ukukhiya izindleko zikagesi kusenesikhathi, okuthinta kakhulu ukuzinza kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza futhi kamuva kuthinte ukuphepha kwezinkampani zezimboni kanye nezokuhlinzeka. Uma singasheshisi ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezinto ezisetshenziswa ugesi, kuzoqhubeka nokuphazamisa ukujula kwezinguquko zokumaketha ugesi, okungasizi ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwemboni yamandla amasha futhi kungathinta ngisho nokuphepha kwamandla kanye nesimo sonke sesiqinisekiso sokuhlinzekwa. Ukuze kuxazululwe ngempumelelo izinselele zokuvikela ubungozi enkambisweni yokumaketha ugesi, kukhuthazwe ukuthuthukiswa okuhlelekile kwemakethe yezinto ezisetshenziswa ugesi kanye nemakethe ye-spot, futhi kwenziwe lula inqubekela phambili eqhubekayo yezinguquko zokumaketha ugesi, abameleli be-Two Sessions basikisela:
Okokuqala, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kusheshiswe ukwakhiwa kohlelo lomkhiqizo oluhlukahlukene nolujwayelekile ukuze kubekwe isisekelo esiqinile sokuvikela ubungozi. Iholwa yi-China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) kanye ne-National Energy Administration, ukushintshana kwezesikhathi esizayo kufanele kuqondiswe ukuze kusheshiswe inqubo yocwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokufakwa ohlwini lwezesikhathi esizayo zikagesi, futhi kuqedwe ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokufakwa ohlwini lwezenkontileka zezesikhathi esizayo zikagesi ezisebenza kuzwelonke ngokushesha okukhulu. Indlela "yokuhlanganisa kazwelonke + amaphrojekthi okuhlola endawo" kufanele isungulwe ukukhuthaza izifundazwe ezivuthiwe emakethe yesikhashana ukuthi ziqale zenze amaphrojekthi okuhlola emikhiqizo ekhethekile njengezinkontileka zomehluko wentengo ye-peak-valley kanye ne-futures entsha yenkomba yokukhipha amandla. La maphrojekthi okuhlola kufanele agxile ekufaniseni izidingo zokuvikela ubungozi zezinhlangano ezisafufusa ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwamandla amasha, isitoreji samandla, kanye nezitshalo zamandla ezingokoqobo, futhi ngemuva kokwakha okuhlangenwe nakho okuphindaphindekayo, kufanele akhuthazwe ezweni lonke.
Okwesibili, kunconywa ukusheshisa ukusungulwa kwemakethe kazwelonke ehlangene, ukususa izithiyo zokuthengiselana kwezifunda, kanye nokusungula imithetho kazwelonke ehlangene yemakethe yezinto ezisuselwe kugesi. Ukusheshisa ukusungulwa kwendlela yokuxhumanisa kazwelonke yemakethe yezinto ezisuselwe kugesi, ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwemithetho yokuhweba, amazinga okubalwa kwezimali, kanye nezindlela zokwakheka kwamanani kuzo zonke izifundazwe (kufaka phakathi izifunda ezizimele kanye nomasipala), kanye nokuqeda umehluko wenqubomgomo kanye nokuvikelwa kwendawo. Khuthaza ukuxhumana kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwepulatifomu kazwelonke yokuhweba ngogesi kanye nezinhlelo zepulatifomu yokuhweba yesikhathi esizayo, kuvumela ukwabelana kanye nokusetshenziswa kolwazi olubalulekile njengedatha yokuhweba, ulwazi lwesikhundla, kanye nesimo sokugcwaliseka kwenkontileka, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokungalingani kolwazi ekuthengiselaneni kwezifunda.
Okwesithathu, kuphakanyiswa ukuqinisa ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yemakethe nokuthuthukisa ikhono eliphelele lokuqinisekisa isevisi. Ukwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda yemakethe yezinto ezitholakala kugesi, ukusekela ukushintshaniswa kwesikhathi esizayo kanye nezikhungo zokuhweba ngogesi ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zabo zobuchwepheshe, nokuthuthukisa ngokuphelele ukuzinza, ukuphepha, kanye nomthamo wokuthwala uhlelo lokuhweba. Misa ipulatifomu yokwabelana ngedatha kagesi ehlangene kuzwelonke, uhlanganise izinsizakusebenza zedatha kulo lonke uchungechunge lokukhiqizwa kukagesi, ukudluliselwa, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla, futhi unikeze ukwesekwa kwedatha ukuze kutholakale amanani anembile ezinto ezitholakala kugesi kanye nokuvimbela nokulawula ingozi okuphumelelayo.
Okwesine, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kusungulwe futhi kuthuthukiswe indlela yokuxhumanisa inqubomgomo kanye nokusebenzisana kwemithetho ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile nokuhlelekile kwemakethe. Kusungulwe indlela yokusebenza ngokubambisana phakathi kokulawulwa kwamandla kanye nokuphathwa kwezezimali, kucaciswe ukwahlukaniswa kwemithwalo yemfanelo phakathi kwe-National Energy Administration, i-China Securities Regulatory Commission, kanye nohulumeni basekhaya ekuphathweni kwemakethe yezinto ezikhiqizwa ugesi, futhi kwakhiwe amandla okulawula ahlelekile futhi asebenzayo asebenza ngokubambisana kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lokusekela inqubomgomo olusekelayo, kufakwe ibhizinisi elivikela amabhizinisi ohlelweni lokuhlola ukuphathwa kwezingozi, futhi kuhlinzekwe ukwesekwa okuqondile kumabhizinisi enza ukuvikela ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo maqondana nokuxhaswa ngezimali ngesikweletu kanye nezikhuthazo zentela.
Okwesihlanu, kuphakanyiswa ukuqinisa ukutshalwa kanye nokuqondiswa kwezinhlangano zemakethe, kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono okuvikela ubungozi embonini yonke. Kufanele kusungulwe ipulatifomu yokuqeqesha inhlalakahle yomphakathi, efaka ukuqeqeshwa kolwazi ngezinto ezisetshenziswa ugesi ohlelweni lokuqeqesha olujwayelekile lwamabhizinisi kagesi. Ngokubambisana nezinhlangano zezimboni kanye nokushintshana kwezesikhathi esizayo, kufanele kwenziwe ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqwashisa "ukungathathi hlangothi kwezingozi" kanye namakhono okusebenza asebenzayo okuvikela izinhlangano zemakethe, ukuze zikwazi "ukusebenzisa nokulinga ukusebenzisa" amathuluzi asetshenziswayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-14-2026