1. Ukuqedwa kwe-"time-of-use equity pricing" esekelwe kwinqubomgomo sekuba umkhuba. Ekupheleni kuka-2025, i-National Development and Reform Commission kanye ne-National Energy Administration bakhiphe ngokulandelana "Isaziso Sokwenza Umsebenzi Omuhle Ekusayineni Nokugcwalisa Izinkontileka Zikagesi Zesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside zango-2026" kanye "Nemithetho Eyisisekelo Yemakethe Kagesi Yesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside", zombili ezisho ngokusobala ukuthi:
Ngokomthetho, abahlanganyeli bemakethe ngqo ngeke besasebenzisa amanani kagesi esikhathi sokusetshenziswa ashiwo uhulumeni.
Lungiselela indlela yokubeka amanani kagesi yesikhathi esimaphakathi neside. Zonke izifunda kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi kuhambisana phakathi kwenqubomgomo yokubeka amanani kagesi yesikhathi sokusetshenziswa esiphezulu nesesigodini kanye nentengo kagesi yokuthengiselana emakethe. Ngokomthetho, abahlanganyeli bemakethe ngqo ngeke besabhekene nentengo kagesi yesikhathi sokusetshenziswa echazwe nguhulumeni. Zombili izinhlangothi zenkontileka yesikhathi esimaphakathi neside zikhuthazwa ukuba zisayine izivumelwano eziphendula ekuhlinzekweni kwemakethe.
Kumabhizinisi ahileleke ngqo ekuthengiselaneni kwemakethe, ngeke kusaba khona izimiso zokwenziwa ezingeni kanye nesikhathi sesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwentengo kagesi. Kubasebenzisi abathenga ugesi be-grid-agent, umnyango wentengo kahulumeni uzoxhumanisa futhi uthuthukise ukuhlukaniswa kwezikhathi zesikhathi esiphezulu kanye nezinga lesikhathi esingekho phezulu kanye nesilinganiso sokuguquguquka kwentengo ngokusekelwe ezingeni lentengo yemakethe.
Ngemva kwalokho, emininingwaneni yokuqaliswa kokuthengiselana kwesikhathi esimaphakathi neside ngo-2026 ezifundazweni zaseLiaoning, eSichuan, eShaanxi, eYunnan, eHenan, naseShanxi, kwashiwo ngokusobala ngaphandle kokukhetha ukuthi izinga nesikhathi sentengo kagesi yokusetshenziswa ngeke kusabekwa ngokwenziwe ukuze izinhlangano zebhizinisi zihlanganyele ngqo ekuthengiselaneni kwemakethe. Lokhu akusho ukuthi amanani kagesi okusetshenziswa azonyamalala, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi indlela yokwakheka kwazo ishintshe kakhulu - kusukela "emananini kahulumeni" kuya "emananini emakethe". Ngaphansi kwethonya lobudlelwano bokunikezwa kukagesi kanye nesidingo kanye nokuthengiselana okugxile emakethe, amanani kagesi aphezulu, ajwayelekile, kanye nangaphandle kwesikhathi azokwakheka ngokwemvelo ngokuya ngokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo semakethe, futhi ukushintshashintsha kwamanani kagesi kuzobonisa ngokunembile izimo zemakethe zesikhathi sangempela.
Kodwa-ke, intengo kagesi yesikhathi sokusetshenziswa (TOU) esekelwe emakethe nayo idale izinselele ezimbili ezinkulu kumodeli "ye-peak-valley arbitrage" yezinhlelo zokugcina amandla zezimboni nezentengiselwano zendabuko.
Isu lesikhathi liqinile, okwenza kube nzima ukuhambisana nesidingo sikagesi. Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla zendabuko zivame ukwenza ukushaja nokukhipha amandla ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe, okwenza kube nzima ukuxhumanisa nomugqa wangempela wokusetshenziswa kukagesi wabasebenzisi. Ikakhulukazi esimweni "se-photovoltaic + isitoreji samandla", ukuntuleka kwamakhono okulungisa aguquguqukayo kungaholela kalula ekusetshenzisweni okuphansi kwesitoreji samandla noma ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sikagesi.
2) Ukuguquguquka kwentengo kagesi kuyaqina, okwenza i-arbitrage ibe nzima kakhulu. Njengoba kuxhunyaniswa phakathi kwentengo kagesi yesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kanye nemakethe yesikhashana, amanani kagesi angashintshashintsha ngehora noma ngisho nemizuzu eyi-15, kanti amanani kagesi aphezulu afinyelela ngaphezu kwe-1 yuan/kWh. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu, amanani kagesi angemabi angase avele. Amasu ajwayelekile aqinile alwela ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sentengo kagesi esiyinkimbinkimbi kangaka. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwendlela entsha yemakethe kagesi, ukugcina amandla ezimboni kanye nezentengiselwano kufanele kufune kanjani iziphakamiso ezintsha zenani?
II. Kusukela ku-“Peak-Valley Arbitrage” kuya ku-“Microgrid Balancer” Okuhlangenwe nakho okuvela ezimakethe zikagesi ezivuthiwe eYurophu kubonisa ukuthi uma izinga lokumaketha liphakeme, izimo zokusetshenziswa zibanzi futhi inani lezinhlelo zokugcina amandla libonakala kakhulu. Indima yabo ishintsha kusukela “ethuluzini elilula le-peak-valley arbitrage” kuya “esilinganisweni esihlakaniphile sama-microgrid e-photovoltaic asakazwayo kanye nesitoreji samandla”.
1. IPoland: Ibhili kagesi elijwayelekile labasebenzisi lehle ngo-50%, kanti imali engenayo ye-photovoltaic (PV) ikhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-200%! Kusukela ngo-2025, i-Polish Electricity Exchange isebenzise amanani kagesi ashintshashintshayo, amanani eshintshashintsha ngesikhathi sangempela. Umsebenzisi ohlala eWarsaw, inhloko-dolobha, ufake uhlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-Siggy oluhlonyiswe ngamasu okuhlela i-AI, olusungula i-microgrid encane ehlakaniphile yokugcina i-PV. Ngesikhathi sesikhathi sentengo kagesi esinqunyiwe, intela yokufaka i-PV yayingama-zlotys angu-0.22–0.44 kuphela nge-kWh. Ngemva kokushintshela kumanani kagesi ashintshashintshayo nokuhlanganisa uhlelo lokugcina i-PV oluhlakaniphile, ngokusebenzisa amasu okugcina amandla kanye nokuhlela okuhlakaniphile, kwakungenzeka "ukugcina ugesi" ngesikhathi samafasitela entengo ephansi kanye "nokukhulula" ngezikhathi zentengo ephezulu, kufezwa ukonga izindleko zikagesi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemali engenayo. Idatha yokusebenza yonyaka owodwa ikhombisa ukuthi izindleko zokuthenga ugesi zomsebenzisi zehle zafinyelela cishe kuma-zlotys angu-0.55 nge-kWh, ukwehla cishe ngo-50%; isilinganiso se-PV feed-in tariff sikhuphuke saya ku-1.09 zlotys nge-kWh, imali engenayo ikhuphuke ngo-220%-300%, kanti izinga lokusebenzisa wena uqobo likhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-200%.
2. ISweden: Izinhlelo ze-Smart PV-ESS zinciphisa izikweletu zikagesi zabasebenzisi ngesilinganiso esingu-52.7%! Ngenkathi iphrojekthi eyodwa ePoland ingaba yicala elihlukile, idatha yezibalo evela kumaphrojekthi angaphezu kuka-2,500 eSweden imele kabanzi. Muva nje, i-Siger New Energy yenze ukuhlaziywa okuhlelekile kwedatha yokusebenza evela kumaphrojekthi angaphezu kuka-2,500 e-smart PV-ESS eSweden futhi yathola ukuthi izikweletu zikagesi zabasebenzisi zehle ngesilinganiso esingu-70.3%! Imakethe kagesi yaseSweden ihlukaniswe izifunda ezine (SE1-SE4) ngokusekelwe esakhiweni sokusebenza kwegridi, futhi amaphrojekthi azimele angaphezu kuka-2,500 asatshalaliswa kulezi zifunda ezine. Bonke abasebenzisi bahlelwe kusukela emalini engenayo yangempela ephansi kuya kwephezulu kakhulu, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ukwehla okumaphakathi kwezindleko zikagesi kubasebenzisi kungu-70.3%, kanye nokwehla okumaphakathi okungu-52.7%. Lokhu kungalingani akubangelwanga ukuphazamiseka kwabantu ngabanye, kodwa kunalokho kuvela eqinisweni lokuthi abanye abasebenzisi ezindaweni ezinokuguquguquka okukhulu kwentengo kagesi bathole imbuyiselo ephezulu kakhulu yokonga.
1. Ukuthunyelwa okuhlakaniphile okusekelwe ku-AI: Ukuqonda amanani kagesi kanye nokusetshenziswa kukagesi ukuze kufezwe ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle endaweni yamanani kagesi aguquguqukayo akunakufezwa ngaphandle kokunikezwa amandla okujulile kobuchwepheshe be-AI. Uhlelo oluhlakaniphile lwe-photovoltaic kanye nokugcina amandla lufeza amakhono alandelayo ayinhloko ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamamodeli amaningi kanye nokufunda kokuqinisa:
1) Ukufunda Ukuhlela Umthwalo: Ukufunda ngokuqhubekayo izici zokuziphatha kokusetshenziswa kukagesi kwephrojekthi ngayinye, ukuhlonza iziqongo zomthwalo, amaphethini okusetshenziswa kukagesi ebusuku, umehluko phakathi kwezinsuku zamasonto namaholide, njll., ukwakha iphrofayili yomthwalo eyenzelwe wena kakhulu.
2) Ukubikezela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic: Hlanganisa idatha yesimo sezulu ukuze ubikezele ngokunembile umphumela we-photovoltaic;
3) Ukubikezela ithrendi yentengo kagesi: Qagela ukuguquguquka kwentengo kagesi ngokusekelwe kudatha yemakethe futhi uthuthukise amasu afanele okushaja nokukhipha ishaja;
4) Ukulungiswa kokushintshashintsha kanye nezilungiselelo eziguquguqukayo: Ukusebenzisa isu lokuhlanganisa amamodeli amaningi, ukuhlanganisa ukubikezela isimo sezulu kanye nokulingisa ukuziphatha komthwalo, kanye nokwakha izindlela zokuhlela ezifanele ngokusebenzisa ukufunda okuqinisiwe kanye nokulingisa ngokomzimba; ngasikhathi sinye, ukusekela ukulungiswa kwamasu kwansuku zonke kanye nokuvumela ukuhlela okwenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokusekelwe kuzintandokazi zomsebenzisi. Esikhathini esizayo, njengoba amamodeli e-AI eqhubeka nokukhula futhi amasu e-algorithm ethuthukiswa njalo, izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic kanye nezokugcineka kwamandla zizoshintsha zisuke ekubeni “ezisebenzisekayo” ziye ekubeni “ezisetshenziswa kahle”, zisize abasebenzisi abaningi ukuthi bafinyelele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile kwangempela kanye nezinzuzo zesikhathi eside.
IV. I-Smart Photovoltaic kanye ne-Energy Storage Microgrid, Enika Amandla Amafektri Angenawo Ugesi! Uhlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-15 lwaseShayina luphakamisa ngokusobala ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakusebenza zamandla ezisatshalaliswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwamafektri namapaki angenawo ugesi. NgoDisemba 2025, iKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kazwelonke, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, kanye ne-National Energy Administration bamemezele ngokuhlanganyela amapaki angu-52 angenawo ugesi ezingeni likazwelonke. NgoJanuwari 2026, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi kanye neminye iminyango emine bakhiphe "Imibono Eqondisayo Ngokuqhuba Ukwakhiwa Kwamafektri Angenawo Ugesi," bephakamisa ukuthi iqembu lamafektri angenawo ugesi lizotshalwa futhi lakhiwe ezimbonini ezinkulu eziyisikhombisa, okuhlanganisa ama-photovoltaic, amabhethri e-lithium, kanye nezimoto, ngo-2027; futhi lizonwetshwa liye ezimbonini ezinkulu ezingu-12 ngo-2030. Kungabikezelwa ukuthi amafektri namapaki angenawo ugesi agxile "kumthwalo kagesi" azoba esinye sezimo eziyinhloko zamandla amasha esikhathini esizayo. Amamodeli afana nokuxhumeka okuqondile kukagesi oluhlaza kanye nama-microgrid ahlakaniphile azoletha amathuba amakhulu okuthuthukiswa futhi abe amamodeli abalulekile okuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo namamodeli, izidingo zawo eziyinhloko zihambisana kakhulu nezabasebenzisi ePoland naseSweden: ukufeza izindleko zikagesi ezifanele endaweni yamanani kagesi aguquguqukayo egcwele emakethe. Okuhlangenwe nakho okuvela ezimakethe zaphesheya kubonisa ukuthi ama-microgrid ahlakaniphile e-photovoltaic kanye nesitoreji samandla anganciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zikagesi zabasebenzisi futhi andise imbuyiselo yamaphrojekthi e-photovoltaic; ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukuguquguquka kwamanani kagesi kukhulu, imiphumela yokusetshenziswa iba ngcono! Njengamanje, iziteshi zamandla ezingaphezu kuka-17,000 emhlabeni wonke zamukele amamodeli e-AI, ahlanganisa izimo zokufinyelela amanani kagesi aguquguqukayo emazweni angu-47, akha uhlelo lwesicelo se-AI olunezinga eliningi nolusebenzisekayo.
Isiphetho
Salani kahle ngentengo kagesi esekwe esikhathini sokusetshenziswa esinqunyiwe, futhi siyakwamukela enkathini yentengo kagesi egxile emakethe futhi eguquguqukayo. Lokhu akusikho ukuphela kwenani lezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ze-photovoltaic (PV) kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, kodwa kunalokho ukuqala kwangempela kwenkathi yamandla ahlakaniphile. Ngokuhlela i-AI kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-microgrid, izinhlelo ze-PV kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla zishintsha kusukela "kumadivayisi okugcina amandla" kuya "kubalinganisi bamandla abahlakaniphile", bebamba inani phakathi nokushintshashintsha futhi bakha kabusha ikusasa ngezinguquko.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-23-2026