Ngomhlaka-20 Septhemba, i-“Dialogue” ye-CCTV Finance yasakaza ingxoxo enesihloko esithi “Ikusasa Likagesi”. Izivakashi ezifana noQian Zhimin, ilungu leKomidi Elihlala Njalo leKomidi Likazwelonke leNgqungquthela Yokubonisana Yezepolitiki Yabantu BaseShayina kanye nephini lomqondisi weKomidi Lomphakathi, Izinsiza kanye Nemvelo, uZhu Gongshan, uSihlalo we-GCL Group, kanye noZhang Chuanwei, uSihlalo weMingyang Smart Energy, bahlanganyele kule ngxoxo.
Ingxoxo igxile kakhulu ekusaseni lamandla, ikusasa likagesi, kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo noma izixhumanisi ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla amasha.
UQian Zhimin uthe isimo samanje semboni yamandla yaseShayina: Thatha izikhathi ezivamile eziphakeme ngoJuni nangoJulayi njengesibonelo. Amalahle aqukethe cishe u-60% wamandla okuphehla ugesi, amandla omoya nelanga angu-16%, amandla e-hydropower angu-17%, kanye namandla enuzi cishe angu-5%. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, amandla afakiwe omoya nelanga asevele edlula amandla okushisa. Kodwa izinga lamandla umoya namandla elanga angalifinyelela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lincike esimweni sezulu, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yemvelo yalo engavamile, amahora atholakalayo aphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezintsha, ukuqinisekisa ukuphakelwa kukagesi kungaletha nezinselele ezintsha sha.
UZhu Gongshan, usihlalo we-GCL Group, ukholelwa ukuthi: “Umphumela wokukhiqizwa kwamandla awukwazi ukunqunywa ngokusekelwe kumthamo ophelele ofakiwe. Amandla omoya kanye nelanga awanamkhawulo, kodwa ayimithombo yamandla eyengeziwe ngokwemvelo futhi ngokuqinisekile azoba imithombo yamandla eyinhloko esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukusungula imodeli enkulu yedijithali nehlakaniphile, ukwakha uhlelo olusha lwamandla, nokuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwesitoreji somthombo-igridi-umthwalo-nokusetshenziswa kwedijithali.”
UZhang Chuanwei, usihlalo weMingyang Smart Energy, uthe: “Asikwazi ukubheka amandla omoya kanye nelanga njengokudluliselwa kwamandla akude noma ukukhiqizwa kwamandla amakhulu. Isici sawo sisekufinyeleleni endaweni yokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa, futhi izinzuzo zawo zezomnotho kanye nenani konke kulapha.” Okwesibili, kungabhekana nentuthuko eluhlaza yezimboni ezintsha. Uhlelo olusha lwezimboni lwamanje kanye nohlelo olusha lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla, njengamandla ekhompyutha yedijithali kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo nezindawo zasemakhaya, kuzoncika kakhulu kugesi oluhlaza esikhathini esizayo.
Sinjani isimo samanje samandla ayisisekelo eShayina?
UQian Zhimin, ilungu leKomidi Elihlala Njalo leKomidi Likazwelonke leNgqungquthela Yokubonisana Yezepolitiki Yabantu BaseShayina kanye nephini lomqondisi weKomidi Lomphakathi, Izinsiza kanye Nezemvelo, wethule isimo samanje semboni yamandla yaseShayina: Thatha izikhathi ezivamile eziphakeme zikaJuni noJulayi njengesibonelo. Amalahle aqukethe cishe u-60% wamandla okuphehla ugesi, amandla omoya kanye nelanga angu-16%, amandla e-hydropower angu-17%, kanye namandla enuzi cishe angu-5%. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, amandla afakiwe omoya kanye namandla elanga asevele edlula lawo anamandla okushisa. Kodwa izinga lamandla elingahlangatshezwa ngumoya kanye namandla elanga, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lincike esimweni sezulu, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yemvelo yalo engavamile, amahora atholakalayo aphansi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uQian Zhimin uphinde waveza ukuthi ukubekezelela komphakathi ukuntuleka kukagesi kuphansi kunangaphambili. Uma kukhona ukucima kukagesi isigamu sehora noma ihora manje, abantu abavamile noma yimuphi umkhakha abakwazi ukukubekezelela. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezintsha, kungase futhi kulethe izinselele ezintsha ekuphepheni kokunikezwa kukagesi.
UZhu Gongshan, usihlalo we-GCL Group, uthe, “Umkhiqizo wokukhiqiza ugesi awukwazi ukunqunywa ngokusekelwe kumthamo ophelele ofakiwe. Amandla omoya kanye nelanga awanamkhawulo, kodwa ayimithombo yamandla eyengeziwe ngokwemvelo futhi ngokuqinisekile azoba imithombo yamandla eyinhloko esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukusungula imodeli enkulu yedijithali nehlakaniphile, ukwakha uhlelo olusha lwamandla, nokuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwesitoreji somthombo-igridi-umthwalo-nokusetshenziswa kwedijithali.”
UZhang Chuanwei, usihlalo weMingyang Smart Energy, uthe: “Asikwazi ukubheka amandla omoya njengokudlulisa amandla akude noma ukukhiqizwa kwamandla amakhulu. Isici sawo sisekufinyeleleni endaweni yokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa, futhi izinzuzo zawo zezomnotho kanye nenani konke kulapha.” Okwesibili, kungabhekana nentuthuko eluhlaza yezimboni ezintsha. Uhlelo olusha lwezimboni lwamanje kanye nohlelo olusha lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla, njengamandla ekhompyutha yedijithali kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo nezindawo zasemakhaya, kuzoncika kakhulu kugesi oluhlaza esikhathini esizayo.
Yiziphi izindlela ezintsha ezivelayo ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi kwamanje?
UCheng Lu, i-CEO ye-Xinao Digital Energy Technology, uthe, “Kulezi zinsuku, isilinganiso sikagesi ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kagesi esibulalayo siya ngokuya sikhuphuka. Esikhathini esidlule, izinto zikagesi zasekhaya zaziyithelevishini neziqandisi, kodwa manje sekunezimoto zikagesi eziningi, izihlanzi ze-vacuum kanye namadivayisi ahlakaniphile.” E-China, isilinganiso sikagesi ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kagesi esibulalayo manje sesidlule u-30%, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi sidlule u-60% ngo-2050, siphindeke kabili futhi. Lokhu kuzoletha izinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu esakhiweni sikagesi.
UCao Kaihu, umqondisi we-Nengjian Energy Research Institute, uthe: “Ngo-2030, inani lezimoto zikagesi ezweni lethu lingafinyelela cishe ezigidini ezingu-150. Lisho ukuthini leli nani?” Ngokwenkolelo-mbono, umthwalo walo omkhulu ungafinyelela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidigidi ezingu-2.5. Lokhu kucishe kufane nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele komphakathi wonke. Uma imboni yezimoto zikagesi ingahlelekile, izinqubomgomo zingaqondiswa, futhi ukusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kungasheshi ngokwanele, kungabangela umthelela omkhulu ohlelweni lwamandla lonke.”
UTang Renhu, usihlalo weZhongchuang Carbon Investment, uthe, “Njengamanje, isidingo sikagesi ezikhungweni zedatha ze-AI siyakhula. Ngo-2024, sizosebenzisa cishe amahora angama-kilowatt-hours angu-200 billion kagesi, kanti ngo-2035, sizodinga amahora angaba yi-kilowatt-hours angu-1.2 trillion kagesi minyaka yonke.” Isidingo esilethwa yilolu hlobo lomthwalo singahlangatshezwa kanjani? Ngakho-ke, kulesi sigaba, ukuhambisana kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo empeleni kubhekene nesigaba esisha. Kungenzeka ukuthi izinqubomgomo ezihlanzekile zangaphambilini, izindlela ezihlanzekile, kanye nemizwa emsulwa azikwazi ukuxazulula inkinga. Kuzodingeka ithembele kumathuluzi edijithali esikhathi esizayo. Indlela yokufeza ukuhambisana okuhlelekile kungaba yinkinga yokuthi uhlangothi lokusetshenziswa kanye nohlangothi lokunikezwa kudingeka luqhubeke lungqubuzana esikhathini esizayo.
UQian Zhimin, ilungu leKomidi Elihlala Njalo leKomidi Likazwelonke leNgqungquthela Yokubonisana Yezepolitiki Yabantu BaseShayina kanye nephini lomqondisi weKomidi Lomphakathi, Izinsizakusebenza kanye Nemvelo, naye wengeze wathi: Nakuba i-AI iyanda kanye nezimoto zikagesi, kusekhona into eyodwa okudingeka ifakwe esidingweni sikagesi, futhi leso sidingo sikagesi oluhlaza. Imishini esiyithumela eYurophu izoqala ukukhokhiswa intela yekhabhoni ekuqaleni kuka-2026. Ngakho-ke, empeleni, kukhona nesidingo esiluhlaza esidingweni sokusetshenziswa kukagesi. Lena futhi inkinga enkulu ebhekene nemboni yamandla namandla njengamanje.
Ukuvela kwezitshalo zikagesi ezisebenza nge-inthanethi kuzoyishintsha kanjani ngempela indlela kagesi ozosebenza ngayo esikhathini esizayo?
UZhu Gongshan, usihlalo we-GCL Group, ukhulume kulolu hlelo: “Uma izitshalo zamandla ezibonakalayo ziqaliswa ngempela, amandla afakiwe okukhiqizwa kwamandla akhona angancishiswa ngo-10% kuya ku-15%. Eqinisweni, okwamanje, inani elikhulu leziteshi zamandla alidlali indima yalo yangempela, futhi ukufakwa okuningi kungokwesikhathi esiphezulu kakhulu kanye nemithwalo ephezulu kakhulu.” Ngokufika kwezitshalo zamandla ezibonakalayo, imithwalo ephezulu kakhulu ingaxazululwa ngezitshalo zamandla ezibonakalayo.
UZhang Chuanwei, usihlalo weMingyang Smart Energy, uthe: Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, nganginephupho lokuthi ukusebenzisa ugesi ngeke nje kube mahhala kodwa futhi kuzokhokhelwa. Ngemva kokubona isitshalo samandla esibonakalayo, iphethini yokusetshenziswa kwamandla ekhaya nayo yashintsha. Ungahlanganisa ngokukhululekile iphethini yakho yokusetshenziswa kukagesi. Imoto yakho kagesi, uhlelo lokugcina amandla amancane ekhaya, kanye nesistimu yelanga esophahleni konke kungakha izimpahla zakho zikagesi. Ngezitshalo zamandla ezingokoqobo, kukhona futhi inani lezimpahla zekhabhoni. Kungenzeka ukuthi awukakhokhi ngisho nesenti ngogesi unyaka wonke kodwa usathola imbuyiselo yempahla okufanele ibe nayo amandla. Leli thuba selivele lifezekile namuhla.
UQian Zhimin, ilungu leKomidi Elihlala Njalo leKomidi Likazwelonke leNgqungquthela Yokubonisana Yezepolitiki Yabantu BaseShayina kanye nephini lomqondisi weKomidi Lomphakathi, Izinsiza kanye Nezemvelo, wanezela: Igridi yamandla yamanje kunzima ukuyilawula nokuyilawula ngenxa yobuningi bemithombo yamandla emisha. Kodwa-ke, uma kunezitshalo eziningi zamandla ezingokoqobo lapho, ugesi ungalawulwa yilezi zitshalo zamandla ezingokoqobo. Ngesikhathi samahora aphezulu noma lapho kunokuntuleka kwamandla, izitshalo zamandla ezingokoqobo zingasiza ekunciphiseni umthwalo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, izindleko zamandla okulawula ezakhiwe izitshalo zamandla ezingokoqobo Kuyingxenye yeshumi yezindleko zokuxazulula amandla okulawula ezitshalo zamandla ezingokoqobo, futhi kuzuzisa kakhulu wonke umuntu. Kuzuzisa ukuphepha kwegridi yamandla kanye nokuphepha kokusetshenziswa kukagesi ngabasebenzisi.
UCao Kaihu, umqondisi we-Nengjian Energy Research Institute, wethule: “Isici esivelele kakhulu sezitshalo zamandla ezingokoqobo ukuthi zisebenzisa okwesibili izinsiza ezikhona ezisatshalaliswe ohlelweni lonke lwamandla. Azidingi ukwakhiwa okusha futhi azikhulisi ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwempahla ehleliwe.” Isitshalo samandla esingokoqobo siyinqubo yokuqongelela izinsiza ezisatshalaliswe emphakathini ngeplatifomu yesofthiwe.
UCheng Lu, i-CEO ye-Xinao Shuneng Technology, wanezela, “Izitshalo zamandla ezibonakalayo azibonakali futhi aziphatheki, kodwa zikhona ngempela.” Phansi kukhona i-Intanethi Yezinto exhumanisa yonke imizi, isakhiwo ngasinye, imoto ngayinye kanye nayo yonke ifektri. Phakathi nendawo kukhona ubuchopho be-AI obuthatha izinqumo obuhlangana kusukela phansi kuya phezulu futhi buhlanganyele ekuthengiselaneni okuhlukahlukene, izimpendulo kanye nemithethonqubo yegridi yamandla. Okwesithathu, kumele ifinyelele esigungwini futhi ikwazi ukulungiseka, ilawuleke, ibonakale futhi ilinganiswe.
Lizobukeka kanjani ngempela ikusasa likagesi
UQian Zhimin, ilungu leKomidi Elihlala Njalo leKomidi Likazwelonke leNgqungquthela Yokubonisana Yezepolitiki Yabantu BaseShayina kanye nephini lomqondisi weKomidi Lomphakathi, Izinsiza kanye Nemvelo, uthe, “Ngikholwa ukuthi i-AI yesikhathi esizayo izofezwa ngamandla, kanye namandla esikhathi esizayo azofezwa ngokukhuthazwa kwe-AI. Ngakho-ke, ngithi ukuphela kwe-AI ngamandla, kanti ukuphela kwamandla yi-AI.”
UZhu Gongshan, usihlalo we-GCL Group, uthe, “Ugesi kanye namandla ekhompyutha kulingana nokukhiqiza kwesikhathi esizayo. Ikusasa lisekwakheni uhlobo olusha lwesistimu yamandla.”
UZhang Chuanwei, usihlalo weMingyang Smart Energy, uthe, “Esikhathini esizayo, amandla ngeke esaba yinani ngokwawo, kodwa azokwakha inani ngamandla ngokwawo.”
UCheng Lu, i-CEO ye-Xinaoshu Energy Technology: “Ugesi uzoba njani esikhathini esizayo?” Ugesi namandla ekhompyutha atholakala kalula. Esikhathini esizayo, singase siphile ezweni lesayensi lapho amandla ebonakala engapheli khona, eqhutshwa ubuchopho bethu be-AI. Esikhathini esizayo, uhlelo lwamandla lungase lungabandakanyi ukungenelela komuntu; kungaba ubuchopho be-AI obuphethe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuphepha okungcono kakhulu, kanye nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zohlelo lonke lokusebenza.”
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-22-2025